Indomalayan (IM)

Indomalaya is recognised as one of the world’s eight major biogeographical realms, distinguished by its unique ecological characteristics and rich biodiversity. This realm is further divided into three distinct sub-realms: the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asian Forests, and Malaysia & Western Indonesia. Each of these sub-realms exhibits its own unique environmental conditions and diverse ecosystems, contributing to the overall complexity and richness of the Indomalayan (IM) realm.

By carol - Ecozones and Image:BlankMap-World6, compact.svg by User:Lokal_Profil, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3704075

The Indian Subcontinent, encompassing countries such as India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka, is known for its varied topography, which includes the towering Himalayas, vast plains, and extensive coastal regions. This diversity in landscape supports a wide range of habitats, from tropical rainforests to arid deserts, each hosting a myriad of species. The region is particularly famous for its iconic wildlife, including Bengal tigers, Asian elephants, and a plethora of bird species, many of which are endemic to this area.

In contrast, the Southeast Asian Forests sub-realm, which includes countries like Thailand, Vietnam, and Myanmar, is characterised by its lush tropical rainforests. These forests are among the most biodiverse ecosystems on the planet, providing a habitat for an astonishing variety of flora and fauna. The dense canopy of trees is home to numerous species of primates, birds, reptiles, and insects, many of which are not found anywhere else in the world. The intricate relationships between these species and their environment highlight the importance of preserving these forests for future generations.

Malaysia & Western Indonesia, the third sub-realm, is another vital component of Indomalaya, featuring a mix of mountainous regions and lowland rainforests. This area is particularly notable for its unique geological formations and diverse ecosystems, which include coral reefs and mangrove forests. The rich marine biodiversity found in the waters surrounding Indonesia and Malaysia is crucial for the health of global marine ecosystems. The region is home to an array of marine species, including various types of fish, sea turtles, and coral reefs that are essential for maintaining the ecological balance.

Overall, the Indomalayan (IM) realm, with its dense rainforests and diverse habitats, is recognised as one of the most important areas for biodiversity in the world. It shelters approximately one-fifth of the Earth’s plant, animal, and marine species, making it a critical area for conservation efforts. The region includes not only Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines but also various smaller islands and coastal areas that contribute to its ecological richness. Protecting and preserving the biodiversity of Indomalaya is vital, as it plays a significant role in global ecological health and sustainability.