Your Guide to Plant Care

The Southern Ocean (SO) realm is the vast, cold marine region surrounding the continent of Antarctica. It is defined by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, the world's strongest ocean current, which effectively isolates its waters from warmer northern oceans.

The Temperate Australasia (TU) marine realm encompasses the temperate waters surrounding the southern half of Australia and all of New Zealand. This region is characterized by high levels of marine endemism, particularly among its seaweeds, fish, and invertebrates.

The Temperate Southern Africa (TF) realm covers the temperate waters where the Atlantic and Indian Oceans meet. It includes the coastal and shelf waters of South Africa and Namibia, as well as remote islands like Amsterdam and Saint-Paul.

The Temperate South America (TS) marine realm comprises the temperate and subtropical waters surrounding South America, including both its Pacific and Atlantic coasts.

The Tropical Eastern Pacific (TE) realm extends along the Pacific coast of the Americas from the tip of Baja California to northern Peru. It is a unique and dynamic region influenced by seasonal upwelling, which supports high levels of primary productivity.

The Eastern Indo-Pacific realm comprises the tropical waters surrounding the volcanic islands of the central Pacific Ocean. It includes most of Polynesia (except New Zealand), the Marshall Islands, and Hawaii.

The Central Indo-Pacific (CI) realm is the global epicenter of marine biodiversity, centered on the "Coral Triangle" in Southeast Asia. It encompasses the seas surrounding the northern half of Australia, the Indonesian archipelago, the Philippines, and parts of Melanesia. This realm contains over 75% of the world’s coral species and more than 2,000 species of reef fish.

The Western Indo-Pacific realm covers the western and central portions of the Indian Ocean. This includes the east coast of Africa, the Red Sea, the Persian Gulf, and island groups such as the Seychelles, Maldives, and Madagascar.

The Tropical Atlantic (TA) realm extends across the tropical waters on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. In the west, it covers the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, and the coast of Brazil; in the east, it stretches along the African coast from Mauritania to Angola.

The Temperate Northern Pacific (TP) realm covers the temperate coastal and shelf waters of the North Pacific, spanning from Japan and Russia in the west to North America in the east. It is defined by its nutrient-rich waters and highly productive ecosystems

This marine realm encompasses the temperate and subtropical waters of the North Atlantic, including the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea, and the northern Gulf of Mexico. It is a region of high productivity, influenced by major current systems like the Gulf Stream.

The Arctic marine realm is centered on the Arctic Ocean and includes the northernmost coastal areas of Eurasia and North America. It is characterized by the presence of sea ice and waters that remain near or below freezing for much of the year.

Realm: Australasian Biome: Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests Bio Region: New Guinea & Surrounding Islands Countries: Papua...

A biome is a distinct geographical region with specific climate, vegetation, and animal life. It consists of a biological community that has formed in response to its physical environment and regional climate.

Mangroves are unique and vital ecosystems that are characterised by their distinctive waterlogged, salty soils, which create a challenging environment for plant life. These remarkable trees and shrubs thrive along sheltered tropical and subtropical shores, where they are frequently exposed to a dynamic interplay of tidal influences. The mangrove ecosystem experiences daily and seasonal fluctuations in water flow, which can significantly impact the surrounding environment and

Deserts and Xeric Shrub lands collectively represent the largest terrestrial biome on our planet, encompassing an astonishing 19% of Earth's total land surface area. This extensive habitat type is characterised by a wide range of eco-regions, each exhibiting significant variability in the amount of annual rainfall they receive. Typically, these regions experience less than 250 millimetres (10 inches) of precipitation annually, with the exception of the margins where condition

Mediterranean forests, woodlands and scrub are a biome characterised by dry summers and rainy winters, although some regions may experience consistent rainfall throughout the year. Summers are generally hot in low-lying inland areas but can be cooler near colder seas. Winters tend to be mild to cool in low-lying areas but can become cold in inland and higher elevations. These eco-regions are uniquely diverse, collectively containing 10% of the Earth's plant species.

Arctic tundra, a unique and fragile ecosystem, is predominantly found in the far reaches of the Northern Hemisphere, specifically situated north of the expansive taiga belt, which is characterised by its coniferous forests. The term "tundra" is commonly used to describe regions where the subsoil remains permanently frozen, a phenomenon known as permafrost. This frozen layer can extend deep beneath the surface, and while "tundra" can refer to any treeless plain

High elevation (montane and alpine) grasslands and shrublands. The plants and animals of tropical Montane Paramos display unique adaptations to cool, wet conditions and intense sunlight.

The Flooded Grasslands and Savannas (FGS) biome support a large diversity of resident plants and animals and are essential areas for migratory birds and mammals. The hydrological system's integrity is essential for these habitats. Some flooded grasslands are flooded all year long, while others are subject to seasonal flooding patterns, which in turn create a seasonal abundance in resources.